Native American Flags: Cayuse People

Celebrate the enduring strength and spirit of the Cayuse people with our curated collection of Cayuse tribal flags and merchandise. These items honor the tribe’s heritage, resilience, and place within the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation.

About the Cayuse People

The Cayuse are an Indigenous people of the Plateau region, traditionally inhabiting northeastern Oregon, particularly around the Wallowa Valley and Blue Mountains. Known for their exceptional horsemanship and skill in hunting and trade, the Cayuse played a central role in the cultural and political life of the Columbia Plateau.

Their language was distinct—possibly a language isolate—but in later years, many Cayuse adopted the Sahaptin language through interaction with neighboring tribes like the Umatilla and Nez Perce. Despite hardships, including conflict with settlers in the 19th century, the Cayuse remain a vital and active people today.

Most modern-day Cayuse are enrolled in the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR), alongside the Umatilla and Walla Walla tribes.

Historical Context

The Cayuse became historically prominent in the early 19th century due to increasing interactions with missionaries and settlers along the Oregon Trail. These interactions culminated in the Whitman Mission incident of 1847, leading to the Cayuse War (1847–1855). The conflict, disease outbreaks, and land pressures significantly affected the Cayuse population and autonomy.

In 1855, the Cayuse, Umatilla, and Walla Walla signed a treaty establishing the Umatilla Indian Reservation in northeastern Oregon. These three tribes have remained united through the CTUIR, formed as a federally recognized tribal government.

Flag of the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR)

While the Cayuse do not have a standalone official tribal flag, they are prominently represented in the flag of the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation, which honors all three confederated tribes.

Flag Description and Symbolism:

  • Three Galloping Horses
    The center of the flag features three powerful horses, each representing one of the CTUIR's member tribes:

      - Cayuse
      - Umatilla
      - Walla Walla

    Known historically for breeding some of the fastest and strongest horses in the region, the horses symbolize strength, speed, sovereignty, and intertribal unity.

  • Tribal Names and Inscription
    The words “Cayuse – Umatilla – Walla Walla” and “Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation” are often included around the central emblem, affirming tribal identity and unity.

Cultural Legacy

The Cayuse legacy continues through language revitalization programs, cultural education, and stewardship of natural resources on their shared reservation lands.

The CTUIR operates a tribal government, economic enterprises, and community programs from its headquarters near Pendleton, Oregon. Cayuse cultural traditions—such as oral storytelling, ceremonies, and horsemanship—remain an integral part of tribal life.

Additional Facts

  • The Cayuse were considered one of the most formidable horse cultures in the Pacific Northwest.

  • Their historic homeland encompassed rich hunting and gathering grounds near the Blue Mountains and Columbia River Plateau.

  • The Cayuse played a major role in the early contact period with missionaries and U.S. settlers.

  • The Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation were formally organized under the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934.